I understand why you have singled out the Nordic countries for this discourse. However I think it is worth pointing out that the model, with only minor variations, applies to the UK and most of the EU. In fact it is a condition of membership for the EU that economic management is at least developing in that direction. One of the reasons the UK opted to leave the EU. In all instances, the same pressures you cite are present and causing a re-evaluation of some social welfare policies. Incidentally, for the historical record, social welfare, in the form of a state funded old age pensoin, began in the UK in the early 1900s.